Sanitary Napkins Raw Material: Composition and Manufacturing Process

# Sanitary Napkins Raw Material: Composition and Manufacturing Process

Sanitary napkins, also known as menstrual pads, are essential hygiene products used by women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials and manufacturing process behind these products can provide insight into their functionality and safety. This article delves into the composition of sanitary napkins and the steps involved in their production.

## Composition of Sanitary Napkins

Sanitary napkins are composed of several layers, each serving a specific purpose. The primary materials used in their construction include:

– **Top Layer (Cover Stock):** This is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It is typically made from a non-woven fabric or perforated film that allows for quick absorption of menstrual fluid while keeping the surface dry.
– **Absorbent Core:** The core is the most critical part of the napkin, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is usually made from a blend of wood pulp and superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), which can hold several times their weight in liquid.
– **Back Sheet:** The back sheet is the bottom layer of the napkin, designed to prevent leakage. It is often made from a waterproof material such as polyethylene film.
– **Adhesive Strips:** These are used to secure the napkin in place within the underwear. They are typically made from a pressure-sensitive adhesive that is safe for skin contact.
– **Release Paper:** This is a protective layer that covers the adhesive strips before use. It is usually made from silicone-coated paper.

## Manufacturing Process

The manufacturing process of sanitary napkins involves several steps, each crucial to ensuring the final product’s quality and effectiveness. Here is an overview of the typical process:

### 1. Preparation of Raw Materials

The first step involves preparing the raw materials. The wood pulp is processed into a fluffy material, and the superabsorbent polymers are prepared in a granular form. The non-woven fabric for the top layer and the polyethylene film for the back sheet are also prepared.

### 2. Formation of the Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is formed by blending the wood pulp and superabsorbent polymers. This mixture is then spread evenly and compressed to form a dense, absorbent layer.

### 3. Assembly of Layers

The top layer, absorbent core, and back sheet are assembled together. The top layer is placed on top of the absorbent core, and the back sheet is placed underneath. These layers are then bonded together using heat or adhesive.

### 4. Application of Adhesive Strips

Adhesive strips are applied to the back sheet. These strips are covered with release paper to protect the adhesive until the napkin is ready for use.

### 5. Cutting and Shaping

The assembled layers are cut into individual napkins of the desired shape and size. The edges are often sealed to prevent fraying and ensure durability.

### 6. Packaging

The final step involves packaging the sanitary napkins. They are typically wrapped individually and then packed into boxes or bags for distribution. Packaging also includes labeling with necessary information such as size, absorbency level, and usage instructions.

## Conclusion

Sanitary napkins are a complex product made from a variety of materials, each contributing to their overall functionality and comfort. The manufacturing process is equally intricate, involving multiple steps to ensure the final product meets the necessary hygiene and performance standards. Understanding the composition and production of sanitary napkins can help consumers make informed choices and appreciate the technology behind these essential hygiene products.